SOLAR HEATING
EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR HOT WATER PANEL (20 tube)

An assembled Navitron 20 tube standard panel
A 10 tube high efficiency panel
These top-of-the-range solar panel heat collectors are suitable for heating domestic hot water, swimming pools etc - even in the winter! One unit is adequate for an average household (3-4people), and it is modular, so you can add more if required. A single panel is sufficient for a 200litre cylinder, but you can fit 2 or more for high water usage, or for heating swimming pools or underfloor heating. And with an overall efficiency of almost 80%, they are much more efficient than electric photovoltaic solar panels (efficiency of 7-15%). And if we compare them on a like-for-like basis, the price of a Navitron Solar Water Heater is around 30p/watt (compared to £6+/watt for solar photovoltaics!)

This picture shows a more basic design - which is commonly employed in hot countries such as Turkey, Greece, Mediterranean, Africa etc. This type of system does not employ heatpipes; instead the water fills the tubes, which in turn heat the header tank (which can vary between 85 and 220litres) by convection. This system is far more basic, but has obvious advantages: no requirement for electric power, no controller, pipe insulation etc required and is very low-cost. However, it is less functional, too large to appear roof-integrated, cannot accept pressure system kits, cannot be used with a standard domestic hot water tank.
Key Benefits of Vacuum Tube Solar Panels
- High temperature output even in cold weather
- Warms water even during winter, as long as the sun is shining
- Produces heat even in overcast weather
- Easy to fit
- Higher efficiency and greater installation flexibility with heat to many of the more expensive brands on the market - as the tubes and headers are all manufactured in the same factory by an OEM supplier.



This high tech unit concentrates the sun's energy at the tip of the copper 'heat tube' - like a solid state magnifying glass!
The vacuum tube solar panel has been around for over 10years, and has proved to be reliable and dependable. The vacuum tubes consist of a double wall glass tube (made from strong borosilicate glass ie pyrex) with a space in the centre which contains the heat pipe. The sun's radiation is absorbed by the selective coating on the inner glass surface, but prevented from re-radiating by the silvered innermost lining. This is in effect like a one-way mirror which has been optimised for infra-red radiation. In fact it is very efficient, of the sun light's energy hitting the tube's surface, 93% is absorbed, whereas only 7% is lost through reflection and re-emission. The presence of the vacuum wall prevents any losses by conduction or convection - just like a thermos flask. Because of this, the system will work even in very low temperatures, unlike traditional flat plate collectors. This is why our system can be used to heat up water at the South Pole Antarctic Science Base - where ambient air temperatures can drop below -40°C.


The heat transferred to the tip of the heat pipe is in turn transferred to a copper manifold in which water circulates to heat the domestic hot water tank. If a tube is placed in direct sunlight on a summer day, the tip temperature can reach 250°C - so the system easily heats domestic hot water cylinders to 60°C even in cooler weather! The manifold is heavily insulated with a 2" thickness of pre-formed rockwool to keep the heat in. Unlike flat plates, these headers are so well insulated that they should not require antifreeze in normal operation - the temperature of the header is unlikely to fall below 10°C even in very cold weather. The more advanced solar controllers include a low-temperature facility- should the temperature of the collector fall below a defined level, the pump will operate to allow the the water at the bottom of the tank to heat the collector slightly. In normal conditions, this would never be necessary - but it acts as a good safety margin.
How Much Heat Will I Gain?
Average Daily Irradiation (Insolation) Figures for Each Month of the Year:
(Solar energy reaching each 1m2 of the earth's surface at UK latitudes)
|
|
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
|
MJ/m2 day |
2.3 |
4.2 |
7.0 |
11.6 |
15.0 |
18.0 |
16.0 |
13.0 |
10.0 |
6.0 |
2.8 |
1.7 |
|
kWh/day per m2 |
0.64 |
1.17 |
1.94 |
3.22 |
4.17 |
5.00 |
4.44 |
3.61 |
2.78 |
1.67 |
0.78 |
0.47 |
|
Heat Gain from 1 Navitron panel per
day |
1.15kWh |
2.11kWh |
3.49kWh |
5.80kWh |
7.51kWh |
9.00kWh |
7.99kWh |
6.50kWh |
5.00kWh |
3.01kWh |
1.41kWh |
0.85kWh |

